| 混流式水轮机磨损特性多目标优化设计研究 |
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| 引用本文：吴迪1,刘松1,郭鹏程2,王越1,安栋栋2,白炳南1,孙龙刚2.混流式水轮机磨损特性多目标优化设计研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2025,41(4):120~127 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目（2024RS-CXTD-31） |
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| 中文摘要:水轮机过流部件磨损破坏是建设在多泥沙河流上水电站所面临的突出工程问题。为提升水轮机抗磨损性能，以水力效率和平均磨损率为目标函数，采用贝塞尔曲线拟合水轮机转轮叶片骨线来实现转轮的几何参数化，并联合克里金近似和多目标遗传算法，构建了一种多工况多目标混流式水轮机磨损特性优化设计方法。针对原始转轮在较大开度下叶片压力面和吸力面均出现显著磨损，且压力面磨损率更高，而较小开度吸力面磨损强度显著高于压力面的问题开展优化设计。优化后的转轮叶片整体向压力面偏移，在叶片展向50%高度、流向0~50%范围内叶片变形最大；水轮机在基本保证能量特性的基础上，将平均磨损率降低7.6%以上，且转轮叶片的高磨损区域明显减小。该研究可为提升水轮机抗磨损性能提供一定的参考。 |
| 中文关键词:混流式水轮机 泥沙磨损 优化设计 多目标 响应关系 |
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| Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Abrasion Characteristics of Francis Turbines |
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| Abstract:The wear and failure of hydraulic turbine flow components present a significant engineering challenge for hydropower stations built on rivers with high sediment content. To improve the wear resistance of hydraulic turbines， a multi-condition， multi-objective optimization design method for wear characteristics has been developed. This method uses hydraulic efficiency and average wear rate as objective functions， employs Bézier curve fitting to parameterize the geometric characteristics of the original runner blades， and integrates kriging approximation with multi-objective genetic algorithms. To tackle the issue of substantial wear on both the pressure and suction sides of the original runner blade at larger guide vane openings—with the pressure side experiencing a higher wear rate， and the suction side experiencing significantly higher wear intensity at smaller openings—the optimization design is conducted. The optimized runner blades are globally shifted towards the pressure side， with the maximum blade deformation occurring at 50% of the blade span and within the 0~50% stream wise range. Following optimization， the average wear rate has been reduced by more than 7.6%， and the high wear areas on the runner blades have been significantly diminished， while the basic energy characteristics of the turbine remain unchanged. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing the wear resistance performance of turbines. |
| keywords:francis turbine sediment wear optimization design multi-objective response relationships |
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